Cross-platform development programming refers to the process of developing software that may be used and executed across several systems. For instance, this program is compatible with iOS and Android. The software has to function across many computer architectures and operating systems to be deemed cross-platform. Due to the complexity of constructing such software and the variety of Application Programming Interfaces (APIs), among other factors, several frameworks and programming languages have been developed to speed up the process.
platform-independent languages:
some of them explain here
JavaScript:-
Although JS is most commonly use for webpages, you can also create full programs for other platforms with it. This scripting language is high-level, multi-paradigmatic, and object-oriented. JavaScript’s initial official version was available in December 1995. Brendan Eich, who was then employe at Netscape, was the one who design it. It offers first-class features, a syntax with curly braces, and object orientation that is base on prototypes. A dedicated JavaScript engine is available in every major web browser and is use to run code on the user’s device.
Java:-
Java is a worldwide cross-platform language that was created in 1995 by James Gosling of Sun Microsystems. Although Kotlin was introduced by Google in May 2019, it has previously been the standard programming language for the Android operating system for many years. Java is still utilized, nevertheless, to construct Android applications and other things. Due to its reliability and performance, it is frequently used for the creation of enterprise-scale online applications. Java is a high-level, class-based, object-oriented, general-purpose programming language.
Ruby:-
Ruby is a general-purpose, dynamically typed, completely object-oriented, interpreted programming language. It contains a variety of distinctive characteristics, including automated garbage collection, “duck typing,” which refers to classifying types according to their behavior rather than their declarations, exception handling, and more.
Respond Native:-
One of the most used cross-platform technologies is React Native. A corporation initially only utilized it to switch to a more effective mobile strategy after developing it internally at Facebook. To enhance Facebook users’ mobile experience, RN was introduce in 2015.
Flutter:-
Based on the Dart object language, Flutter is Google’s UI software development toolkit. In this we wil also study about flutter login rest api example. The platform comes with two sets of unique widgets that take into account all the key distinctions between the various platforms. It utilizes the incredibly effective 2D rendering engine Skia and includes everything, including Cupertino and Material Design.
Ionic:-
Ionic is a full-featured, open-source cross-platform SDK for creating hybrid mobile apps. Based on AngularJS and Apache Cordova, the initial version. Ionic’s most recent iteration has been redesign as Web Components Kit, allowing the user to select any UI framework, such as Angular or React.
Xamarin:-
With.NET and C#, you can create cross-platform, free, and open-source Android and iOS applications using the Xamarin framework. With tools and frameworks created especially for creating apps for Android, iOS, Windows, tvOS, watchOS, and macOS, Xamarin expands the possibilities of.NET.
NativeScript:-
Progress created and developed NativeScript. It is an open-source platform for creating iOS and Android mobile applications. The Angular and Vue.js frameworks are support by NativeScript apps, which may be create using JavaScript or any other programming language converted into JS.
Node.js:-
An open-source, multi-platform runtime for JavaScript server-side applications is call Node.js. It utilizes the V8 engine and runs JavaScript scripts externally of a web browser.
Qt:-
Qt is a collection of portable libraries and development tools for C++, QML, and Java that was first introduced in 1995. Since version 4.0, Qt now contains tools for building console applications and servers in addition to the classes that form its core component and are used to develop the graphical user interface of computer programs.
Cross-platform development’s potential:
Given their ubiquity and enthusiasm, it’s very feasible that Flutter and Kotlin may change the way that cross-platform programming is perform in the future. However, we should anticipate that this strategy will be adopt by others, leading to a competition to be name the finest cross-platform technology and, ultimately, ongoing advancements.
Listview:
A data source that fills UI components with data is bridge by an adapter. The view may take the data from the adapter view and display it on various views, such as a spinner, list view, grid view, etc. The adapter retains the data and transmits it to the adapter view.
ListView and GridView are subclasses of AdapterView, and you can fill them up by attaching them to an Adapter, which gets data from a source outside of the application and generates a View for each data input.
For collecting various types of data and creating views for an AdapterView, Android offers several subclasses of Adapter ( i.e. ListView or GridView). ArrayAdapter, Here we will also discuss dynamic expandable listview in android.Base Adapter, CursorAdapter, SimpleCursorAdapter, SpinnerAdapter, and WrapperListAdapter are examples of common adapters.
ListView Features:
- android: id
- This ID identifies the layout in a certain way.
- android: divider
- Between list items, you can sketch this or color it in.
- android:dividerHeight
- This details the divider’s height. This may be express in px, dp, sp, in, or mm.
- android: entries
- specifies the identifier of an array resource that will be use to fill the ListView.
- android:footerDividersEnabled
- ListView does not draw the divider before each footer view when the value is false. True is the default setting.
- android:headerDividersEnabled
- The ListView won’t draw the divider after each header view if the value is false. True is the default setting.
Benefits of listview include:
To speed up performance and prevent a delay in responding to user scrolls, ListView makes an effort to reuse view objects. Check to see whether the convertView sent to getView(…) is null before building or inflating a new view object to make use of this capability. The ListView’s usage is rather straightforward. It differs from its successor in this respect. Compared to RecyclerView, the learning curve is kinder. It is therefore simpler to understand. Things like the LayoutManager, ItemAnimator, or DiffUtil are not our concern.
- minimal use
- standard adapters
- OnItemClickListener is accessible
- It serves as the ExpandableListView’s core.
listview’s drawback:
- does not support using the ViewHolder pattern.
- A search word in SOSL must have at least two characters. The server will send a comparable human-understandable error message that is show whenever a search is initiate with just one character.
- Due to SOSL restrictions, several fields cannot be search:
- search fields
- Descent fields
- Formula boxes
- Text-free fields (such as INTEGER and CURRENCY)
- External objects’ list views are not searchable.
- If the filter conditions are meet, records for Person Accounts may be return in list view results; however, searching list view results is not support for Person Accounts. If the results for a Person Account do not fit the list view filter criteria, example results may be return.
- The entries in the list view are the only available results. Due to SOQL limitations, the list view can only include 2,000 things, hence the search will only return results in those 2,000 items and not in any more items. This restriction can be overcome by sorting the Account Name field from Z to A such that the “Z” account appears among the first 2,000 records show. To further refine the list view, you may also apply filters. Review Lightning Experience’s Search List Views and the “List view” search.
- You cannot discover a single individual entry using list views. They are design to use certain filters to search across several record
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